基于景观指数分析的海口市建成区绿地景观格局的动态变化
Dynamic Change of Green Space Landscape Pattern in the Built- up Area of Haikou City Based on Landscape Index Analysis
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摘要: 为了给海口市建成区的绿地格局的中长期规划和近期绿地景观质量的提升提供科学的方法,本研究以海口市建成区的绿地作为研究对象,以2008年、2013年、2017年和2020年的QuickBird卫星影像作为数据源,在ArcGIS10.2中按照《城市绿地分类标准》(CJJT85—2017)提取绿地信息,同时结合Fragstats4.2软件对绿地信息进行了指数计算,结果表明:在12年间海口市建成区各绿地景观格局发生了显著的变化,SHDI值在1~2的范围内下降,而SHEI值则在0~1的范围内下降,绿地景观的多样性降低;绿地斑块个数从1 052个增加到1 482个,绿地斑块的平均面积从1.86 hm2减少到1.73 hm2,且破碎化程度升高;分维数从1.05较少到1.03,景观形状趋向规则化.其中,其他专类公园、游园、广场用地和公共管理与公共服务设施用地的附属绿地斑块数量持续增加,但斑块的平均面积却持续减少,由此可见,此类用地的附属绿地破碎化严重.Abstract: In order to provide a scientific method for optimizing the medium and long term planning of green space pattern and improving the quality of green space landscape in Haikou built-up area, in our report, based on the data sources from the QuickBird satellite images in 2008, 2013, 2017, and 2020, the green space in the built-up area of Haikou City was analyzed. According to the "Urban Green Space Classification Standard" (CJJT85-2017), ArcGIS 10.2 was used to collect the green space information, the indexes of green space information were obtained with Fragstats4.2 software. The results indicated that during the past 12 years, the landscape pattern of the green space in the built-up area of Haikou City has changed significantly, SHDI value decrease from 1-2, SHEI value decrease from 0-1, and the diversity of greenbelt landscape decrease; the number of green patches increases from 1052 to 1482, the average area of green patches decrease from 1.86 hm² to 1.73 hm², and the degree of fragmentation increase; the FRAC-MN dimension decrease from 1.05 to 1.03, and the landscape shape tend to be regular. The number of green patches attached to other special parks, amusement parks, square lands and land for public management and public service facilities continues to increase, however, the average patch area continues to decrease. These data suggested that the fragmentation of green patches attached to other special parks, amusement parks, square lands, and the land for public management and public service facilities is serious.
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