Abstract: Laboratory opening to students after class is an important component of practical teaching innovation in higher vocational colleges， which provides students with rich practical innovation resources and platform. With the expansion of laboratory opening capacity and the increase of experimental equipment， the potential danger of laboratory fire has also become an important task of school management. In the report， the detection subsystem and data analysis and processing main system based on ZigBee wireless communication were designed to realize network interconnection. The real-time fire detection and alarm system based on STC89C52 single chip microcomputer， smoke， flame and temperature sensor realized network remote real-time detection and alarm function， whose performance characteristics is intelligent， simple， convenient， and stable， and achieve the laboratory fire prevention and emergency alarm role.