Abstract: BIn the report， based on the hourly and daily precipitation data of national meteorological station and densified ground observation stations in Sanya， and sea surface temperature （SST） of Hadley Center in England， and the spatial interpolation， Empirical Orthogonal Function （EOF）， linear statistics and correlation analysis were used to analyze the climatic characteristics of short-time severe precipitation and the relationship between short-time severe rainfall and rainstorm. The results showed that there are more short-time severe precipitation occurrences in northern and eastern regions in Sanya than that in the western and southern regions in Sanya； there are two typical spatial distribution modes of short-time severe precipitation， which is named the first EOF mode and the second mode respectively， the first one shows the spatial distribution pattern of the consistent change of short-time severe precipitation in the whole city， while the second mode reflects the reverse change of short-time severe precipitation in the eastern and western in Sanya， and SST anomaly in the coast of South China is the key factor affecting the consistent short-time severe precipitation in Sanya； the annual average number of short-time severe precipitation is 19.1， 76.33% of short-time precipitation is concentrated at 16.0～30.0 mm·h^-1， the monthly variation of short-time severe precipitation show a bimodal structure， and there are peak appeared in July and September， and 87.32% of the short-time severe precipitation occur from April to October； the bimodal structure of daily variation is obvious， and the multiple periods are 04～05 am， 07～08 am， and 16～17 pm； the monthly average short-time severe precipitation is 26.6 mm·h^-1， and the extreme hour precipitation is 107.4 mm·h^-1， the extreme hour precipitation is mostly caused by the influence of strong convective system. 83.34% of the rainstorm process was accompanied by short-time severe precipitation， which were significantly positively correlated， the short-time severe precipitation accounted for 58.87% of the total rainstorm， and 32.30% of the annual precipitation.