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基于多任务学习的COD、TN与浊度高精度同步反演

High-precision synchronous inversion of COD, TN, and turbidity based on multi-task learning

  • 摘要: 针对紫外-可见光谱反演水质多参数时因组分光谱重叠导致反演精度受限的问题,本文提出一种集成区间注意力机制的多任务学习模型(spectral interval attention multi-task learning, SIA-MTL)。以化学需氧量(chemical oxygen demand, COD)、总氮(total nitrogen, TN)和浊度为研究对象,将225~700 nm紫外-可见光谱划分为3个特征子区间,采用并行一维卷积神经网络(1D convolutional neural network,1D-CNN)提取各区间局部光谱特征;为各参数配置独立注意力分支,动态分配区间权重,经残差特征融合模块整合加权特征后,由多任务输出层同步预测COD、TN和浊度。基于1 000组混合溶液样本构建数据集,对模型结构和反演性能进行评估。消融实验结果表明:区间划分机制、1D-CNN、注意力机制与特征融合模块均显著提升了模型反演精度。SIA-MTL反演COD、TN和浊度的决定系数分别为0.991、0.925和0.990,均方根误差分别为4.084 mg·L−1、2.234 mg·L−1 和8.802 NTU,预测性能显著优于偏最小二乘回归、最小绝对值收敛和选择算子及随机森林等传统模型,以及1D-CNN和长短期记忆网络等深度学习方法,其中对TN的预测精度提升最为显著。该方法有效提升了混合溶液中COD、TN和浊度的反演精度,为复杂水体水质参数的快速预测提供了新思路。

     

    Abstract: To address the issue of limited inversion accuracy in retrieving multiple water quality parameters from UV-Vis spectra caused by spectral overlap among components, this paper proposes a multi-task learning model integrated with a spectral interval attention mechanism (Spectral interval attention multi-task learning model, SIA-MTL). Focusing on chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), and turbidity, the 225~700 nm spectral range is divided into three characteristic subintervals. Local spectral features from each interval are extracted using parallel 1D-CNNs. Independent attention branches are assigned to each parameter to dynamically allocate interval weights. The weighted features are then integrated via a residual feature fusion module, and the multi-task output layer simultaneously predicts the three parameters. A dataset consisting of 1 000 mixed solution samples is constructed to evaluate the model structure and inversion performance. Ablation experiment results demonstrate that interval partitioning, 1D-CNN, attention mechanism, and feature fusion module all significantly contribute to the improvement of inversion accuracy. The proposed SIA-MTL achieves determination coefficients (R2) of 0.991, 0.925, and 0.990 for COD, TN, and turbidity, respectively, with root mean square errors (RMSE) of 4.084 mg·L−1, 2.234 mg·L−1, and 8.802 NTU. Its predictive performance is significantly superior to traditional models including Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR), Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and Random Forest (RF), as well as classic single deep learning models such as 1D-CNN and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). The prediction accuracy of TN is improved most remarkably. This method effectively enhances the inversion accuracy of COD, TN, and turbidity in mixed solutions and provides a new idea for rapid prediction of complex in-situ water quality.

     

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