Abstract: To solve the problem of poor corrosion resistance in steel tube confined concrete, a new structural form termed aluminum alloy tube confined concrete (AATCC) has been developed. This innovation uses aluminum alloy tubes, which are known for their excellent mechanical properties and superior corrosion resistance, to replace steel tubes for confining concrete. In this study, three AATCC short columns with a slenderness ratio of 3 were designed to evaluate the influence of concrete strength (33.3 MPa, 48.7 MPa, and 66.8 MPa) on structural performance. Axial compression tests revealed that the failure modes of AATCC short columns exhibited shear failure characteristics, along with favorable deformation capacity and high load-bearing performance. The enhancement factor relative to the bearing capacity of plain concrete axial compression short columns increased with the confinement effect coefficient but decreased with higher concrete strength. Existing formulas for predicting the axial load bearing capacity of confined concrete were analyzed to evaluate their applicability to AATCC short columns. The results indicate that the formula proposed by Attard and Setunge can effectively predict the ultimate bearing capacity of AATCC short columns.