Abstract: Hainan Island is located in the tropical marine monsoon climate zone, and the masonry structures of villages and towns on the island are exposed to the complex and harsh environments, such as high temperature, high humidity, high salt spray, and high ultraviolet rays. Because of the limitations of masonry mode and construction technology, under the action of random loads, the masonry structure houses in the place are easy to be damaged. Because they have been affected by the complex environment for many years, and the effective repair measures are lacked, there are greater safety hazards in a number of civil masonry houses, which seriously reduced their service life. Until now, the masonry houses are still the main form of the construction in Hainan villages and towns. In the report, Baoting County, Hainan Province was used as an example, the quality disease data of 1614 single-storey masonry houses in the region were counted, the failure forms and the possible causes of single-storey masonry structures in tropical island villages and towns were analyzed and summarized, and the mechanical properties of the masonry materials of typical active masonry structures were tested. The results indicated that within the length of service, the minimum strength retention rate and maximum strength retention of the red brick sample was 23.7%, 173.5%, respectively; the minimum strength retention rate and maximum strength retention of the steel sample was 55.9%, 112.4%, respectively.