Abstract: In order to explore the diversity and distribution of the bacterial communities in the mangrove sediments, in the report, 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing and the traditional culture methods were used to analyze the microbial community characteristics of the sediment samples from Shaganglang mangrove and predict their ecological function. The results indicated that 32 phyla 61 classes and 207 genera （including the norank groups） of bacterial groups were detected, in which Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Desulfobacterota, Actinobacteriota and Bacteroidetes were the dominant bacteria, and the dominant microorganisms at class level were derived from Gammaproteobacteria and Anaerolineae. The prediction data from FAPROTAX suggested that the top 23 relative abundance metabolic functions of the bacterial communities mainly focused on the Chemoheterotrophy and Photoautotrophy. Based on the culture-dependent methods, a total of 310 bacteria strains being affiliated to 5 phyla, 23 orders, 50 families, and 106 genera were isolated and identified, in which Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Bacilli were the dominant classes, and 63 strains were the potential new species. Our findings are helpful for understanding the diversity and distribution of bacterial communities in Shaganglang mangrove sediments, and which provide the basic data for further development of the bacterial resources as well as exploring potential new species.