Abstract: In order to study the lateral behavior of stone-wood spliced columns in ancient buildings, a test model with a scale ratio of 1∶1.6 was constructed based on the stone-wood spliced columns in Wugong Temple and Wenchang Confucius Temple. A horizontal cyclic loading test and finite element analysis were carried out to obtain load-displacement curves, skeleton curves, stiffness degradation curves, and strain curves. Additionally, the effects of the friction coefficient between mortise and tenon joints, as well as the elastic modulus along and across the grain, on the lateral resistance of stone-wood spliced columns were analyzed. The results show that with the increase of loading displacement, the stone detaches from the edge of the column foot, the tenon neck at the bottom of the column undergoes bending deformation, and the strain at the column foot increases gradually. The load-displacement hysteresis curve exhibits an inverse Z-shape, and the lateral load decreases with the increase of column head displacement. Among the influencing factors, the elastic modulus across the grain has the most significant effect, whereas the friction coefficient and the elastic modulus along the grain have relatively smaller impacts.